Effects of Social Conflicts on Sustainable Development in the Society
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
Human history is characterized with
conflict. There is now consensus among scholars on the inevitability of
conflict in relations among human being (Weeks 1992, Fraiser and Hipel
1984, Burton 1997, More 1987, Okoh and Ewhariemen 2001). What therefore
differs is the approach or strategy adopted to resolve or manage a
particular conflict situation. The effectiveness or otherwise of the
management of conflict is itself largely dependent on how the causes of
the conflict have been understood.
Conflict refers to contradictions
arising from differences in the interests, ideas, ideologies,
orientation and precipitous tendencies of the people concerned. These
contradictions are inherent at all levels of social and economic
interactions of human race. It may therefore exist at the individual,
group, institutional, regional, national and international levels.
Conflict is thus a pervasive phenomenon in human relationships and has
been seen as the “basic unit for understanding social existence (Nnoli,
1998:3-5).
A social conflict occurs “when two or
more actors appose each other in social interaction, reciprocally
exerting social power in an effort to attain scarce or incompatible
goals and prevent the opponent from attaining them”.
Social conflicts constitute one of the major recurring problems bedeviling the socio-economic and political landscape in Africa and Nigeria in particular. Achieving sustainable development has become a difficult task for developing nations, in spite of efforts by development experts to bring about desired development.
Social conflicts constitute one of the major recurring problems bedeviling the socio-economic and political landscape in Africa and Nigeria in particular. Achieving sustainable development has become a difficult task for developing nations, in spite of efforts by development experts to bring about desired development.
The term “sustainable development was
brought into common use by the world commission on Environment and
Development (WECD) in its 1987 seminar report entitled “our common
future”. In a more broad and encompassing definition, sustainable
development is defined as development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs (Abah, 2005).
Its scope covers economic, ecological
social and political dimensions to development. The economic component
consists of optimizing the use of limited resources and the management
of material and energy saving technologies. It provides for the
integrity of biological and physical sciences and oriented to human
development, preserve stability of public and internal systems.
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