CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Taxation
is one of the oldest and major sources of government revenue. The history of
taxation in Nigeria dates back to the pre-colonial era. During this period,
there were different systems of taxation existing in the forms of compulsory
services, contribution of goods, money, labour and the likes, among the various
kingdoms and ethnic groups and tribes controlled by the Obas, Emirs etc., in
order to sustain the Monarch and also for community development (ICAN,2010)
Taxation,
as we know it today, was first introduced in Nigeria in 1904 by the late Lord
Lugard, when community tax became operative in the Northern Nigeria. He later
made changes which culminated in the Native Revenue Ordinance of 1917. An
amending ordinance that extended the provisions of the 1917 ordinance to
Southern Nigeria was passed in 1918. The first ordinance applied to Abeokuta in
Western Nigeria and to Benin-city in Mid-Western and in 1928, it was extended
to Eastern Nigeria.
Taxation
in Nigeria, in a modern sense, however, only began in 1940. A more progressive
income tax Ordinance No.29 of 1943 Cap92, under which Europeans all over the
country and Africans resident in Lagos were assessed, came into operation on
the 1st of April, 1943.
The
Commissioner, appointed by the Governor-General by notice in the Gazette (now
referred to as the Federal Republic of Nigeria Gazette), was responsible for
the administration of the ordinance. By the 1st Schedule, Ordinance 39/58, it
was the Federal Board of Inland Revenue that took the place of the Commissioner
(Ola, 1974).
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